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Does your pump make noise like pumping rocks or marbles? If yes, then chances are there that it may be affected by cavitation.

 

Cavitation can cause excess noise, vibration, and high energy usage. Cavitation causes premature failure of a pump and reduces its life. Cavitation is a common problem among most pumps viz. Centrifugal pumps, Booster pumps, Gear pumps, Submersible pumps, Monoblock pumps, Jet pumps etc.

 

Cavitation in Pumps:

 

Cavitation is the formation and implosion of bubbles which can create shockwaves inside the pump causing damage to the impeller or pump housing. The bubbles travel to the discharge side of the pump, move to the high-pressure area and implode. These imploding bubbles remove segments of impeller material creating vibration, shaft deflection, bearing failures, seal leakage and shaft breakage. If the noise is like popping, then it is the first warning to the users.

 

Decreased flow, unexpected vibrations, eroded parts of impeller, seal leakage and high power consumption are some of the major signs of cavitation.

 

 

Reasons and Remedies:

 

  • Placing the pump at too high of a distance above the fluid source can be the reason for cavitation. Move the pump closer to source tank or sump to fix it.

     

  • If the diameter of the suction pipe is too smaller, it creates pressure. Fix it by increasing the suction line diameter.

     

  • Clogged filters or strainers and blockages in the pump can lead to cavitation. Fix it by cleaning them with a recommended cleaner or degreaser to remove the residual debris and contaminants.

     

  • Having more fittings on the suction pipe and running the pump at high speed are the major reasons for cavitation. To fix this issue, simplify the piping and run the pump only at recommended speed.

     

  • Generally, pumps are designed for a certain flow range. If there is too much or not enough flow going through the pump, turbulence can reduce performance and will damage the pump. Use the pump only for its recommended application at recommended operating conditions and parameters.

     

  • Altitude plays a vital role in pump cavitation because at higher altitudes liquid boils at much lower temperature. If the pump is to be operated at higher altitudes, make sure that the pump placement is at optimal height. Otherwise, chances are there that the water may turn into a gas (inside the pump) leading to its damage because of Cavitation.

 

 

Common Pre-cautions:

 

  • Avoid suction strainers. Strainers can't handle larger particles, these particles will block the fluid and create pressure. Due to this, bubbles are created leading to cavitation.

     

  • The Reservoirs should be cleaned regularly. If not, dust particles will block the suction tube and create excess pressure.

     

  • Always use proper components and quality oil. Synthetic hydraulic fuel is better for preventing cavitation. Keep the lubrication oil warm and dry.

     

  • Inlet plumbing should be properly sized. Otherwise, too much fluid could be pouring into the pump and leads to cavitation.

     

  • Always ensure that the hoses, couplings and other components are working properly and that no water is leaking in.

     

  • Always operate a pump for its best-suited (recommended) application.